Reserch Proposal Example - 1307 Words

Developing Research Proposals Handout Prepared by Ted Zorn, University of Waikato This is a handout I often give to students when I expect them to provide a research proposal for a course project. That is, it’s intended for fairly brief proposals, not a prospectus for a masters or doctoral thesis. It gives students an example of the sort of thing I want, plus some commentary (in italics) about what I’m expecting in each section. I sometimes change the particular example given, in order to encourage them to think about particular kinds of projects. For instance, the example provided here was used in a Leadership Communication course. I’ve used the same format, but a different research project example, for a course on†¦show more content†¦The interpretive perspective places the focus on interpreting the meanings and perspectives of cultural members, and how these meanings are negotiated (Trujillo, 1992). I am exploring the meanings the sales staff and customers have for themselves as individuals and for their relationships, as well as the meanings sales staff have for the organisation, group, and profession of which they are members. The situational approach directs me to choose one or a few specific interactions to explore in depth. Thus, an appropriat e means of investigating the topic from this perspective is observation of conversation, plus interviewing the interactants to understand the meanings they have for their symbolic interactions. [Briefly identify and explain the theoretical framework you will use to guide your investigation, how it fits your purpose and its implications for the research methods] Method: 1. Conduct a literature review on leadership and communication in SMTs. 2. Observe the group four hours per week for six weeks, focusing mostly on conversations at team meetings, especially those conversations in which the group addresses changes to their work processes and issues of team relationships and identity(ies). 3. Interview team members to clarify and provide insight into conversations. I willShow MoreRelatedThe Role of Learning Organization in Knowledge Management Process4044 Words   |  17 Pagesstructure, the information acquires higher values. The information acquires new meanings by interpretations and assimilations, thus turning into knowledge. On this level, information is placed inside a mental structure and can be consciously used, for example, in order to anticipate future consequences or to make a decision. By using this knowledge in making different choices we behave in an intelligent way. Eventually, by orienting intelligent behavior to a sense of duty and tactic vision, we can stateRead MoreMalnutrition in Children4819 Words   |  20 PagesPRESENTED BY [Name] Admission number SUPERVISOR: A RESERCH PROPOSAL SUBMITED TO KENYA INSTITUTE OF DEVELOPMENTAL STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILMENT OF A DIPLOMA IN NUTRITION AND DIETETICS MANAGEMENT May 2012 DECLARATION Student’s declaration I declare that this is my original work and has not been submitted in any other learning institution for the award of degree or diploma. Name Signature Date Supervisor declaration This proposal has been submitted with any approval as college supervisorRead MoreFactors Affecting Supplier Selection in Procurement Process Among International Ngos: Case of Un Agencies in Kenya11125 Words   |  45 PagesIN PROCUREMENT PROCESS AMONG INTERNATIONAL NGOs: CASE OF UN AGENCIES IN KENYA BY OTIENO SAMUEL NAVAKA A RESEARCH PROPOSAL SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE AWARD OF DIPLOMA IN PURCHASING AND SUPPLIES MANAGEMENT TO THE KENYA INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT. AUGUST 2013 DECLARATION Declaration by the Student This research proposal is my original work and has never been presented before to any other examination body. No part of this work should be reproduced

Serial Killers Biology or Upbringing - 2287 Words

Nikole Walden English IV Mr. Russell 1 November 2010 Serial Killers: Biology or Upbringing? As people in todays society, we are constantly being bombarded with the crazy actions that mankind is capable of. We watch the news and hear about murders, or even read a book about a mysterious killer. As we go through these pieces of reality, one cant help but be struck by the thought--what causes a person to act so violently? There have been many studies done to try and find an answer. For a crime such as serial killing, there are two thoughts. The first idea is that serial killing is caused by an abnormality in the frontal lobe of the brain. The other is that serial killers are bred by circumstance which means they have certain genes†¦show more content†¦Phychophysiologist Adrian Raine, Ph.D. has stated, â€Å"A lack of remorse is the hallmark of the psychopath† (Stone 320). Having no care in the world about what they do is the main cause of serial killers. They feel nothing for the people they kill nor will they ever feel something. Serial killers show n o emotion for the wrong they do. â€Å"They feel less fear and anxiety than normal people† (Scott, par. 5). Thus, the reason why they kill. Having less anxiety than a normal person means if and when they kill, they will not be scared of their consequences. Also stated by Adrian Raine, â€Å"‘Callous unemotional’ children seem in many instances to be the psychopaths of the future† (Stone 319). Children that show no emotion are known as Callous unemotional. This is a way of determining a psychopathic trait in children. Showing little or no emotion is a huge trait in serial killers. Serial killers are caused by biology rather than upbringing. â€Å"If you’re antisocial but come from a good home, the reasons for violent behavior may have more to do with biology than the upbringing† (Raine, par. 2). Meaning a good home can mean nothing if that person already prone to becoming a serial killer. Also means serial killing can be passed down the family tree. â€Å"Dysfunctional brain—not dysfunctional families—explains murders, especially when the murderer comes from a ‘good’ home† (Raine, par. 1). Something in theseShow MoreRelatedThe Medical Field And The Science Field942 Words   |  4 PagesSerial killers often are torn between their mental stability and their immoral actions. Mental issues are widely overlooked in the medical field and in the science world. Psychology does not seem to be an objective science to the majority of the world, and the brain is one of the arduous organs to study in the body. Not much detail is known about how the brain works and why it works the way it does, as the study of the human brain is still a relatively new field in the medical and science field.Read MoreThe Minds Of Serial Killers1147 Words   |  5 Pagescask of acid dissolving what remained of the young boy. This is the dark mind of Jeffrey Dahmer, he murdered not in hatred, vengeance, or financial enrichment but on pure impulse and lust. Forensic psychoanalysts have picked apart the minds of serial killers to find answers as to what causes them to carry out such perverse acts. Many believe it is impervious for an innocent adolescent to be born with the capability to commit a heinous act suchlike murder. But how could we depraved humanity so muchRead MoreControversies On Human Sociobiology By Edward Wilson1097 Words   |  5 Pagesthe time of Edward Wilson even to present day. With that said, it is clear, from his later works, that Wilson leaves room for other factors to determine our interactions with one another and even our destinies. To say that everything is left up to biology would be a mistake, even in the eyes of Edward Wilson. In his work, On Human Nature, he does elude to our genetic make up, our genes, as being responsible for the differences seen across populations, but he also suggests other influences that causeRead MoreNature Vs. Nurture Essay1612 Words   |  7 Pagesunderwater, little body fat giving him a wiry frame, and the development of negative buoyancy. In the article â€Å"Human (Amphibious Model)† the debate of nature versu s nurture is exemplified in Sulbin’s human adaptation, â€Å"the Bajau fisherman shows us how biology and culture are inseparable because what he does ends up shaping his body, but only because he grew up around people who knew how to manage becoming human in this distinctive way† (Downey). Thus the nature side of this example displays the environmentalRead MoreSerial Killers, Nature Vs. Nurture1770 Words   |  8 PagesSerial Killers, Nature vs. Nurture. Is biology-making people serial killers? One must feel sorry for those who have strange tastes, but never insult them. Their wrong is Nature s too; they are no more responsible for having come into the world with tendencies unlike ours than are we for being born bandy-legged or well-proportioned† (Woolaston 2015) Marquis de Sade held an interesting view of people. Most humans have their own moral compass, most all differ from one another. Certain aspects of theRead MoreSerial Killers : Nurture Or Nature3202 Words   |  13 Pages Serial Killers: Nurture or Nature Jessica L. Northey Eastern Wyoming College Abstract Serial killer, psychopath’s and murders, what makes them tick? Is it a mental disorder or are they a victim of their own circumstance? Is it a nurture or nature approach? Are we shaping these people with a corrupt and judgmental society? Can we change the outcome of someone becoming a cold and calculating murderer? The only way to know is to look at the blueprints of a serial killer and analyze theRead More Serial Killers Essay2514 Words   |  11 Pageshuman nature and morality than the concept of a serial killer. What is different about the brains of these individuals whom our society finds unforgivable and unredeemable predators? Society might find a biological reason for such atrocities more comfortable than the prospects of good and evil or a mistake. This paper will catalogue and attempt to organize the current biological differences between our minds and that of a serial killer. Can Biology make us Murderers? Recent reports in scienceRead MoreEssay Criminal Behavior2234 Words   |  9 Pagesmonitored and parental discretion is exercise. A child who is neglected for suffering in a violent upbringing will undoubtedly have a higher instance in becoming involved in criminal behavior. A child will become a product of their environment. The very first serial rapist and killer Ted Bundy told a reporter in his last interview with the press that he was raised in a happy Christian upbringing. He said that until the age of 28 years old he had lived a relatively normal life. He had a bachelorRead MoreThe Topic Of Female Serial Killers3596 Words   |  15 PagesMy essay is based on the topic of Female Serial Killers. I have collected information and statistics to develop my understanding. I have questions that convey interest in the field of studies of criminology, psychology and gender roles such as why do women kill? How do they kill? Is there difference between male and female serial killers? I came across this topic because I am interested in unusual portrayals of people in society and I have been fascinated by this controversial theory of Nature vsRead MoreShould Juveniles Be Tried as Adults?2014 Words   |  9 PagesExperts argue that no one is predestined to a life of crime. They believe that influences such as repeated abuse, extreme neglect, poverty, media violence, and easy access to guns play the major role in molding children into criminals. The father of serial killer Jeffrey Dahmer wonders, If potential for evil is in the blood that some of us pass on to our children (Wartik 23). In the quiet New York town of Savona, Eric Smith, age thirteen, intercepted four year old Derrick Robie on his way to a park

Case Study of Uniliver Company Samples for Students-Myassignment

Question: Discuss about the Advantages and Disadvantages of Outsourcing. Answer: Introduction Unilever is a world class organization, made up of group of companies dealing with production and marketing of different brands. Some of the brands the company produce include Lynx, Persil and Knorr. The companys key strategy is to add vivacity to peoples life through the production of goods that makes them feel better. Unilever has created employment to more than 200,000 people in the world. In 2009, the firms revenue exceeded $ 39 billion. The firm operates in more than 100 countries in the world (Unilever, 2006). One of the Unilever strength has been through outsourcing of experts to complement its business functions. Currently, outsourcing is among the effective activities in the modern business, this is because several companies apply innovations of science, technologies and techniques to offer competitive and qualified product which satisfies the consumer. Outsourcing is very useful since it leads to concentration of resources on the development of prospective and competent direction of activities. It also leads to significant decrease on the production expenses since it ensures that the end product does not apply extra effort nor invest in new activities. This literature paper focuses on outsourcing, its merits and demerits of outsourcing using the Unilever company as a case study. Outsourcing Theoretical Description of Outsourcing In the high paced modern world of business, majority of the firms are striving to distinguish the competitive strategy that is right in their area of operation. In the market, firms are facing a lot of pressure to maximize and improve their operations efficiency. In order to attain a competitive edge in the market, organizations have embarked on outsourcing as their main business element. Outsourcing is the movement of the firms business processes to a third-party, from inside the company (Click Duening, 2005). Management practices are outsourced by the businesses to add expertise that is specialized help management improve and run module of business and the firm at large (Click Duening, 2005). The emergence of information technologies, cost reduction, and the competition are the ultimate reasons that enables the emergence of this approach. Many firms adopt the outsourcing technique to facilitate the dealing of the core-activities by the third parties and focus on strategic aspect of their business (McIvor, 2005). When the firm's secondary-level activities start to act as, hindrance to investment from their core activities, consume time, and consume more of their existing scarce resources, that is when they normally embarked on outsourcing activities. Companies finds outsourcing as means through which they can reduce their risk and load for their secondary-level activities if they intend to focus on their key business activities (Quinn, 2000). Outsourcing is a result of innovation for majority of the companies. Outsourcing is one of the significant aspects that have changed in the recent past and the changes are derived from the rapid changes in the demands of the market, the changes that occur daily in the environment, product life cycles that are shorter, and the emergence of new technologies In the current world, outsourcing has been discussed widely as an issue and has been a topic that is common in the academics literature, with its discussion being viewed in terms of a business strategy. Firms that are most successful in the world use outsourcing. Offshore possibilities are the major highlight of this topic; where substantial markets like China and India compete with the West markets. In some cases, businesses are seeking market opportunities, efficiencies, and cheap labor from the East. In short term and theoretically, outsourcing can result in enormous profits. Unilever Progress in Outsourcing Over the past few years, Unilever company has embarked on numerous agreements of outsourcing with prominent contractors such as HP, Accenture, IBM and BT. The company has outsourced several number of its operations that are non-core business to these vendors. The nature of the agreement is explained as follows: In 2005, there was a seven-year application agreement of outsourcing between Unilever and Accenture. The agreement covered the applications development, implementation, and to provide support to Unilever across the Europe (ComputerWeekly.com, 2008). The contract entailed the delivery of IT services and the deployment of a European unified IT program to Unilever at a cost of 500m. The services were to be provided in 20 European countries. Also in the same year, IBM signed with Unilever an outsourcing of financial transactional services contract. The contract was a seven-year deal aimed at serving Unilever across Europe. Over 740 Unilevers employees were affected in all 20 European countries (ComputerWeekly.com, 2008). The deal involved management of Unilevers Bill to Cash operations, Overall Accounting, and Purchase to Pay. Three years after the signing of the agreement, it was stretched to include outsourcing of procurement. The IBM helped the company to integrate and standardize the practices of procurement to all regions in Latin America. Unilever additionally entered into an agreement with Accenture for HR BPO outsourcing in 2016. The contract involved covering of the aspects such as the administration of payroll, reward, workforce report, management of performance, and core human resource administration. This was to be covered in more than 100 countries and in various languages (Unilever, 2006). The delivery was to be effected through centers in Bucharest, Bangalore, Curitiba, Dalian, Manila, and Prague. Advantages of outsourcing Reduction of Cost of Operation Operational costs reduction is the major goal of outsourcing. Operational costs and essential savings in capital have been noted from organizations outsourcing various operational segments (Harland et al., 2005). In order to cut down the cost organization are required to locate and divide their non-key and key and activities. Once the identification of non-key and key activities, the non-essential activities can be contracted to a third-party outsourcer. The concept of outsourcing is to ensure that the organization has adequate resources, strategic interest and time to accommodate in-house operations (Weigelt 2009). The major reason as to why the external vendor can manufacture the similar commodity at a cost which is cheaper is through the achievement of a greater scale of production. The production of large volumes is kept by taking in from various clients small volumes (KakabadseKakabadse 2005). The production of bigger scale enables the suppliers to specialize in their fields lea ding to high efficiency in plant, therefore, reducing the cost per service or item produced. Globalization is also among the initiating factors that have heavily driven and led to outsourcing implementation that is cost effective (Farrell, 2006). The focus is now moving towards outsourcing jobs that are of low levels to emerging economies where the labor and wages costs are relatively low as compared to developed economies. The low-level jobs theoretical description is based on both prior knowledge and low level of experience (McKinsey Global Institute, 2003). The transfer of these particular jobs has also been witnessed in developed countries after being considered as unattractive Therefore, outsourcing implementation can be viewed as a management practice which brings about fundamental changes by process improvements. This aims at general costs that are low in the organization (Bailey et al. 2002) as well as creation of economic advantage through the pricing strategy over the organizations competitors. However, when an organization is involved in subcontracting activities it reduces costs in one section whereas, the other sections usually require high management attention and increased investment. The involved areas are generally associated with management, supplier and buyer network. Outsourcing demands the acquisition and maintains of high logistic excellence level in the organization. Also, savings gained through outsourcing is evaluated against costs because of the evaluation of the suppliers performance. This ensures that delivery of services, quality and timing remains on high level (Qulin Duhamel, 2003). Although, expertise hiring from the host country has not proven to be cost effective. Flexibility The strategic aim of maintaining a flexibility level which is higher within the firm is one of the motive strategy outsourcing activities' implementation, apart from the aim of reducing cost. It is essential for the firm to acquire higher flexibility levels, in a strategy to handle parameters of uncertainty associated with global market volatility increase (Buckley, 2009). (Verwaal et al. 2009) explained that the intention by the companies to outsource was related positively to uncertainty of the environment. Firms acquire flexibility by engaging in activities of outsourcing by becoming easier to alter the purchasing necessities for service contracted and to alter activities of the in-house (Hendry, 1995). The different perspective of stakeholders such as trade unions and employees need to be considered. In this way outsourcing offers a way to reduce the firm and enable the firm to be more adaptable (Bailey et al. 2002). This enhances vertical and huge static firms to shift to horizo ntal and smaller organized organizations. In this horizontal firms the focus has shifted to improved control and flexibility over the networks of the organizations (Lacity et al. 1995). The firms are able to venture into new openings and opportunities in a shifting and fast market. Expertise and Knowledge Expertise, skills and knowledge are the key competencies of the organization, and they are most likely to row to organizational costs if there is a decrease in outsourcing. In the scenarios where there is a decline in market core competencies, the firm may be forced to seek alternative of outsourcing elsewhere as a way of maintaining short-term competitiveness. This can result in a significant influence on the effectiveness of the firm (Arbaugh, 2003). A good number of the organizations have enormously suffered the effects when trying to outsource, in some cases they might have insufficient knowledge about the market. Hence, market knowledge and strategic capabilities must be integrated and embedded within the organization. Efficiency and Quality Outsourcing with a motive driven by quality is the opposite of the outsourcing with a motive of cost reduction. Maintaining outsourcing and efficiency to attain an improved quality is decision that is strategic, which is problematic to combine with achieving a reduced cost (Varadarajan, 2009). Still outsourcing with the aim of improving service and product quality continues to be a significant motive in outsourcing implementation (KakabadseKakabadse, 2005). Therefore, a firm may decide to pay more to achieve a higher standardized quality and efficiency in its products and services. Although, the outsourcing quality aspect is put forward often when the firm revisits and benchmarks its inside activities against its competitors. Innovation The most key reason why businesses outsource is innovation. This so because they can establish a platform and acquire competence within the organization that may facilitate future innovations. This can enable the firms to improve and develop their goods and services (Verwaal et al. 2009). Also, this can improve reduce the duration at which products stays in the market and business processes. Therefore, the motive of the organization is distinct from competences and the access to novel expertise that targets to attain short-term objective to fill technological gaps, and temporary knowledge in the firm. The Strategic outsourcing is connected to innovation motives, where the main objective is making sure that the firm survive and position itself strategically in the world market in the future (Harland et al. 2005). The motive to establish strategic outsourcing innovations in the future is made possible through the improved expertise levels of the supplier (Bengtsson and Dabhilkar, 2009). Outsourcing of activities has moved to outsourcing of more problem resolving tasks and high level from low level jobs. Hence, providing the organization sourcing with innovative and new solutions. Competitive Edge Innovation is an intention to aspire a world leading position and to gain a competitive advantage and to within their field. In other word, becoming the most preferred choice for the potential customers. (Prahalad and Hamel 1990) put forward an argument to focus on the core business of the firms. They presented important steps toward this direction. However, non-core activities may be chosen to be outsourced when focusing on the core business (Prahalad Hamel 1990). Outsourcing Demerits The following are the key demerits of outsourcing: Low of control in terms of management over outsourced operations, Insecurity risks Lack of confidentiality, Challenges of quality in products and services Extra hidden costs The restructuring of the current employees The disadvantage associated with loss of managerial control stems from the fact that management of external resources needs special skills which are achieved through the combination of the process management and with the skills of people, power negotiation and contract management. Additionally, almost each outsourcing contract has confidentiality and security terms spelled out, although, the audit and the execution are usually difficult (Willcocks et al, 2009). Requirements keep information known to investment bankers away from brokers, traders, and other people who may want to improperly to use the information, in financial services. Also, one aim of outsourcing is based on getting better services from the outsourcer as compared to the internal employees. The outsourcer is selected in a specific way that ensures that there is quality production of goods and services. If not, the firm may lose its market position. Another disadvantage is that when a firm signs a contract with the out sourcing firm, it signs a contract that only covers the services it will be provided (Willcocks et al, 2009). Anything out of the agreed contract will result in additional costs. Additionally, if the firm seeks outsourcing services, its current employees are filled with firing minds. This can demoralize the employees hence resulting in low performance. The management also faces the challenges of allocating the current employees after outsourcing experts. Conclusion In the modern fast moving world of business, many firms are striving to distinguish the competitive strategy that is right in their area of operation. Firms are facing a lot of pressure in the market to maximize and improve their efficiency in operations. Many organizations have embarked on outsourcing as a key aspect in their activities so as to achieve a competitive edge that sustainable in the market. Unilever company has embraced outsourcing positively, at such, the company has entered into several outsourcing agreements with various vendors. Some of the vendors include the IBM, Accenture, and HP. Outsourcing is the movement processes of business to an externalprovider from inside the company Management practices are outsourced by the businesses to add expertise that is specialized help management improve and run module of business and the firm at large. Outsourcing has both advantages and disadvantages to the firm implementing it as a business strategy. Operational costs reduction is a key goal of outsourcing. Operational costs and essential savings in capital have been noted from organizations outsourcing various parts of their operations. In order to cut down the cost organization are required to locate and divide their non-core and core and activities. After the identification of non-core and core activities, the non-essential activities can be outsourced to a third-party vendor / contractor. The idea of outsourcing is to ensure that the organization has adequate resources, strategic interest and time to accommodate in-house operations. However, the disadvantage associated with loss of managerial control stems from the fact that management of external resources needs special skills which are achieved through the combination of the process management and with the skills of people, power negotiation and contract management. Additionally, almost each outsourcing contract has confidentiality and security terms spelled out, although, the audit and the execution are usually difficult. Reference Arbaugh, J. B. ,2003. Outsourcing intensity, strategy, and growth in entrepreneurial firms, Journal of Enterprising Culture, 11 (2,) pp.89-110. Bailey, W., Masson, R., Raeside, R. ,2002. Outsourcing in Edinburgh and the Lothians. European Journal of Purchasing Supply Management, 8: 83-95. Bengtsson, L., Dabhilkar, M., 2009. Manufacturing outsourcing and its effect on plant performance lessons for KIBS outsourcing. J Evol Econ, 19: 231-257. Buckley, P. J., 2009. International thinking: From the multinational enterprise to the global factory. International Business Review, 18: 224-235. ComputerWeekly.com, 2006. Unilever outsources global firewalls to BT, www.computerweekly.com, accessed: 28/4/2017 Farrell, D., 2006. Smarter offshoring. Harvard Business Review, June: 85-92. Harland, C., Knight, L., Lamming, R., Walker, H.,2005. Outsourcing: assessing the risks and benefits for organizations, sectors and nations. International Journal of Operations Production Management, 25 (9): 831-850. Hendry, J., 1995. Culture, community and networks: the hidden cost of outsourcing. European Management Journal, 13 (2): 193-200. Kakabadse, N. and Kakabadse, A., 2000. Critical review Outsourcing: A paradigm shift. Journal of Management Development. Volume 19, pp. 670-728. Lacity, M. C. Hirschheim, R., 1995. Beyond the Information Systems Outsourcing Bandwagon The Insourcing Response, Chichester: John Wiley Sons Ltd McKinsey Global Institute, 2003. Offshoring: is it a win-win game McIvor, R., 2005. The Outsourcing Process: Strategies for Evaluation and Management, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom Prahalad, C. K./Hamel, G., 1990.The core competence of the corporation. In: Harvard Business Review, (3): 79-91. Qulin, B.,Duhamel, F., 2003. Bringing together strategic outsourcing and corporate strategy: outsourcing motives and risks. European Management Journal, 21 (5): 647-661. Quinn, J. B., 2000. Outsourcing Innovation: The New Engine of Growth. Sloan Management Review, 41(4), s. 13-28. Unilever, 2006. Unilever awards outsourcing contracts to Accenture, www.unilever.com, accessed: 28/4/2017 Varadarajan, R., 2009. Outsourcing: Think more expansively. Journal of Business Research, 62: 1165-1172. Verwaal, E., Commandeur, H., Verbeke, W., 2009. Value creation and value claiming in strategic outsourcing decisions: a resource contingency perspective. Journal of Management, 35 (2): 420-444. Weigelt, C., 2009. The impact of outsourcing new technologies on integrative capabilities and performance. Strategic Management Journal, 30: 595-616. Willcocks, L., Osri, I., Kotlarsky, J., 2009. The Handbook of Global Outsourcing and Offshoring.